🔩 Resistance of single-coat and multi-coat paint coatings to liquids other than water and paste-like products — immersion of coated panels (approx. 150 × 100 mm) or steel rods: method A — single-phase liquid, immersion to half depth, optionally at elevated temperature up to 40 °C ± 3 °C; method B — two mutually saturated liquids, each covering 40 % of the specimen height; assessment of blistering according to ISO 4628-2 and other changes according to ISO 4628-1, again after 24 h, PN-EN ISO 2812-1

Materials and NDT PN-EN ISO 2812-1

Overview

WHAT THE STANDARD COVERS. Scope from the PKN catalogue card of PN-EN ISO 2812-1:2018-01 (English version), in full (our translation of the Polish card text): “This document specifies general methods for determining the resistance of a single-coat or multi-coat system of coating materials to the effects of liquids other than water or paste-like products (included by implication in the test liquids referred to in the text). These methods enable the tester to determine the effects of the test liquid on the coating and, if necessary, to assess the damage to the substrate.” We read the text of the standard in the sample extract of ISO 2812-1:2017 from the cover to Clause 12 (test report, page 5); we do not have Annex A (examples of test liquids with CAS numbers) or the bibliography.

ACCORDING TO THE TEXT OF ISO 2812-1:2017 (foreword, Clauses 1–12). The standard was prepared by ISO/TC 35/SC 9; the third edition replaced the second (ISO 2812-1:2007) as a minor revision: CAS numbers were added to the reagents in Annex A and a clause with terms was added. Scope (Clause 1): as on the card. Normative references: ISO 1513 (examination and preparation of samples), ISO 1514 (panels), ISO 2808 (film thickness), ISO 3270 (conditioning atmospheres), ISO 3696 (water), ISO 4618 (terms), ISO 4628-1 and ISO 4628-2 (assessment of degradation and blistering), ISO 15528 (sampling). Principle (Clause 4): the coated panel is exposed to the liquid by immersion; the effects are assessed according to agreed criteria. Apparatus (Clause 5): a vessel of inert material; an oven with forced ventilation for tests at higher temperature (up to 40 °C with an accuracy of ±3 °C); warning: products with volatile flammable liquids require care (explosion, fire). Liquids (Clause 6): one or more, agreed between the parties; examples in Annex A. Sampling (Clause 7): a representative sample of the product according to ISO 15528, examined and prepared according to ISO 1513. Test specimens (Clause 8): panels according to ISO 1514, approx. 150 mm × 100 mm, thickness 0,7–1,0 mm; or steel rods with one end rounded with a radius approximately equal to the radius of the rod (note: rods 150 mm long and 15 mm in diameter are suitable; rods eliminate edge effects); for methods A and B both sides should preferably be coated and the edges protected; the parties agree whether the back of the panel is protected with a resistant coating or coated with the product under test; drying (or stoving) and any ageing for a specified time and under specified conditions; dry film thickness in micrometres by one of the non-destructive methods of ISO 2808. Procedure (Clause 9): conditioning immediately before the test for at least 16 h under the conditions of ISO 3270, i.e. (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % relative humidity (9.1). Liquids of high electrical conductivity (9.2): because of electrolytic effects preferably one specimen is immersed; several in one vessel — only identical ones, the liquid must not change because of the specimens; specimens at least 30 mm from the walls and from each other, electrically insulated from the holders. Method A — single-phase liquid (9.3.1): in duplicate; the specimen stands or hangs approximately vertically, immersed to half depth (other depths — by agreement); several specimens at least 5 mm apart (30 mm with highly conductive liquids); the vessel covered; if agreed — stirring, topping up losses with the liquid or with grade 3 water according to ISO 3696 at specified intervals (to maintain volume or concentration); if agreed — higher temperature: vessel and liquid heated in the oven before immersion, temperature ±3 °C, the vessel taken out only briefly; the test duration is agreed between the parties according to the intended use of the coating. Method B — two-phase liquid (9.3.2): in duplicate; the panel vertical, with the 100 mm side horizontal; immediately before use both liquids are saturated with each other; the liquid of higher density is poured carefully down the wall until it covers approx. 40 % of the specimen (without wetting higher up), then the other — a further 40 %; the vessel covered, without stirring; for an agreed intermediate assessment the specimen is taken out, the liquid removed, the specimen examined and immersed again (if there is a risk of contamination — separate specimens for intermediate assessments). Assessment (Clause 10): after the test the specimen is wiped with a cloth; dried residues of aqueous liquids are washed off with running water, others with a solvent that does not attack the coating; only the area in direct contact with the liquid is assessed; immediately blistering is assessed according to ISO 4628-2 and other visible changes according to ISO 4628-1; unless otherwise agreed, it is assessed again after 24 h of conditioning in the dry state; further tests may be carried out on the exposed and unexposed area (e.g. cross-cut, hardness); the substrate is examined after removal of the coating according to an agreed procedure; if the duplicates give significantly different results, the determination is repeated, again in duplicate, and all results are reported. Precision (Clause 11): no data on repeatability r and reproducibility R limits. Test report (Clause 12): among others identification of the coating (manufacturer, trade name, batch), material and preparation of the substrate, method of application, drying and ageing, dry film thickness with the ISO 2808 method, method A or B with liquids, duration, immersion depth and temperature, results according to Clause 10, operator, deviations, unusual features, date.

STATUS (cards as of 02.10.2026). The card of PN-EN ISO 2812-1:2018-01 (English version) has no “Withdrawn” header — the standard is CURRENT: published 25-01-2018, 20 pages, price group K, Chemistry Sector, KT 175 Paints and Varnishes, ICS 87.040, “Introduces: EN ISO 2812-1:2017 [IDT], ISO 2812-1:2017 [IDT]”, “Replaces: PN-EN ISO 2812-1:2008 – Polish version”. PN-EN ISO 2812-1:2008 (Polish version, introduced ISO 2812-1:2007) — withdrawn 25-01-2018 and replaced by the 2018-01 edition. The PKN search for “PN-EN ISO 2812-1” (02.10.2026) also shows PN-EN ISO 2812-1:2007 (English) and PN-EN ISO 2812-1:2001 (Polish). There is no Polish version of the 2018 edition.

HOW MANY LABORATORIES AND IN WHAT FORM (copy of the accreditation scope database, data up to 17.09.2026, read 02.10.2026). The number 2812-1 appears in 10 records at 8 laboratories: AB 023 (2), AB 041 (2), AB 089, AB 128, AB 163, AB 240, AB 369, AB 1424 (1 each). In the current scopes on the PCA website (read 02.10.2026, issues from 16.07.2025 to 01.07.2026) the number appears at all 8: with the year “2018-01” at AB 089, AB 163, AB 240 and AB 1424; without a year at AB 023, AB 041, AB 128 and AB 369. No row is set in bold italics. The “Laboratories” tab searches entries BEGINNING WITH “PN-EN ISO 2812-1” and shows all 8 laboratories and 10 positions — checked with the tab query on the labcoda.pl production server on 02.10.2026; under “ISO 2812-1” and “EN ISO 2812-1” — 0.

WHAT THE LABORATORIES TEST (positions in PCA). Coatings — resistance to liquids, visual method (AB 023, next to zinc coatings and reinforcement protection), protective coatings of diaphragm gas meters — chemical resistance to external and internal corrosion next to PN-EN 1359 (AB 041, two positions), paint coatings — together with Parts 2, 3 and 4 of ISO 2812 (AB 089, AB 240, AB 369), “immersion method” (AB 128, AB 163 — with PN-EN ISO 1513:2010), paint systems on metal substrates — “method of immersion in liquids other than water, method A” (AB 1424).

WHERE A SEEMINGLY CORRECT RESULT IS EASY TO GET. In the liquid and duration: the standard specifies neither the liquid nor the duration — both are agreed between the parties; a result without the liquid, duration, depth and temperature says nothing. In the specimen: unprotected edges and back of the panel give damage that the coating on the surface would not have — rods are used precisely to eliminate edge effects. In conductive liquids: specimens too close to each other (less than 30 mm) or not insulated from the holders — electrolytic effects falsify the result. In method B: both liquids have to be saturated with each other, and the upper one poured so as not to wet the zone above 40 %. In the assessment: only the area in contact with the liquid is assessed, and twice — immediately and after 24 h (changes can be temporary). In precision: the standard gives no r and R — differences between duplicates are handled according to Clause 10 (repetition of the determination).

WHAT WE DO NOT GIVE. We do not have Annex A (example liquids with CAS numbers) — we therefore do not give a list of test liquids; we do not describe the assessment scales of ISO 4628-1 and ISO 4628-2 beyond their names (blistering is described in a separate entry on PN-EN ISO 4628-2).

Method principle

Coated panels or rods (after conditioning for ≥ 16 h at 23 °C and 50 % RH) are immersed in the agreed liquid: to half depth in a single-phase liquid (method A, optionally at elevated temperature up to 40 °C ± 3 °C) or in two mutually saturated liquid layers of 40 % of the height each (method B); after the agreed time the area in contact with the liquid is assessed — immediately and after 24 h — for blistering (ISO 4628-2) and other changes (ISO 4628-1), if necessary also the substrate.

Applications

• Paint coatings and paint systems on metal substrates — resistance to liquids other than water agreed between the parties
• Protective coatings of diaphragm gas meters — chemical resistance to external and internal corrosion (next to PN-EN 1359, AB 041)
• Protective coatings in construction and industry — together with Parts 2, 3 and 4 of ISO 2812 (8 laboratories)

Key parameters

Standard

Standard number

PN-EN ISO 2812-1:2018-01 (wersja angielska; EN ISO 2812-1:2017 IDT, ISO 2812-1:2017 IDT)

Title (PL)

Farby i lakiery — Oznaczanie odporności na ciecze — Część 1: Zanurzanie w cieczach innych niż woda

Title (EN)

Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to liquids — Part 1: Immersion in liquids other than water

Step-by-step procedure

1. Specimens and conditioning

   Panels or rods coated with the product under test, dried and aged; thickness according to ISO 2808; ≥ 16 h at (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % RH. PN-EN ISO 2812-1:2018-01 current (cards as of 02.10.2026).

2. Immersion — method A

   Two specimens vertical, immersed to half depth in a single-phase liquid, spacing ≥ 5 mm (30 mm with conductive liquids), vessel covered; optionally heating the vessel with liquid in the oven to the test temperature (±3 °C).

3. Immersion — method B

   Liquids saturated with each other; pour the heavier one down the wall to approx. 40 % of the specimen height, the lighter one to a further 40 %; cover, no stirring.

4. After the test duration

   Duration agreed according to the intended use of the coating; wiping the specimen, washing off residues with running water or a solvent that does not attack the coating.

5. Assessment and report

   Assessment of the contact area: blistering (ISO 4628-2) and other changes (ISO 4628-1) immediately and after 24 h; optionally additional tests and assessment of the substrate; with divergent duplicates — repeated determination; report according to Clause 12.

Required equipment and apparatus

Reagents, media and consumables

Health and safety (OHS)

• The standard warns of explosion and fire with products containing volatile flammable liquids (5.2); test liquids can be corrosive or toxic — protective measures selected according to their safety data sheets; ventilated oven
• TECHNICAL NOTE: the standard specifies neither the liquid nor the test duration — a result without these data (and depth and temperature) is not comparable; only the area in contact with the liquid is assessed

Frequently asked questions