⚖️ Balance Calibration and Verification

Metrology PN-EN 45501

Overview

Calibration (verification) of non-automatic weighing instruments is a fundamental metrological procedure ensuring measurement traceability of weighing results in the laboratory. Standard PN-EN 45501 defines the maximum permissible errors for balances in individual accuracy classes (I — special, II — high, III — medium, IIII — ordinary), and recommendation OIML R 76 defines construction and metrological requirements for non-automatic weighing instruments.

Calibration includes determination of indication errors at selected points of the weighing range using mass standards of appropriate class (E1, E2, F1, F2 according to OIML R 111), repeatability assessment, eccentricity (off-center loading) test, and determination of minimum sample weight with specified uncertainty. The procedure is performed under ambient conditions close to the normal operating conditions of the balance.

Every accredited testing and calibration laboratory is obliged to periodically calibrate balances — this is a requirement of the ISO/IEC 17025 standard. The calibration certificate contains measurement results with expanded uncertainty, allowing the user to assess the suitability of the balance for intended measurements.

In Poland, balance calibration services are provided by laboratories accredited by PCA (Polish Center for Accreditation), including RADWAG Laboratory (AP 069), Matbor, TOPS and others. Calibration is performed both at the laboratory premises and at the customer's site (in situ).

TWO DOCUMENTS IN ONE FIELD AND A ZERO BECAUSE OF THE DENOMINATOR (23.09.2026). Until now the key of the "Laboratories" tab had the form "PN-EN 45501 / OIML R 76" — two reference documents glued together with a single slash in a string that is compared with the record in the accreditation scope. Such a string cannot match anything, because no laboratory writes two standards in one line in this order and with this separator. The field now contains one document (PN-EN 45501), while the full designation of both remains in the description of the standard. The correction does not, however, change the number, and it was not meant to. Measurement (23.09, copy of the scopes, matching by the beginning of the value of the norm_bases field): "PN-EN 45501" 0 entries at 0 laboratories, "OIML R 76" also 0 — and the record "45501" does not occur in the whole set EVEN ONCE, while the only records with OIML are R 137 at one laboratory (AB 041, 11 entries). THE CAUSE LIES DEEPER THAN THE KEY: the set on which the tab is based contains 1281 Polish TESTING laboratories (AB) and NOT A SINGLE CALIBRATION laboratory (AP) — checked directly, there are zero laboratories with a number beginning with "AP". Calibration of balances is the domain of AP laboratories, so no correction of the key will show a single laboratory here; what is missing is not the matching but the denominator. For the same reason, the entries in this knowledge base on the calibration of pipettes (PN-EN ISO 8655) and on equipment in aggregate testing (PN-EN 932-5) also stand at zero; the entry on PN-EN 14181, by contrast, gives 59 entries at 17 laboratories, because it concerns emission testing performed by testing laboratories, not calibration. THIS IS THE THIRD KIND OF ZERO, alongside the zero from the form of the record (fixable with the key) and the zero from the convention of the community (not fixable, as with pharmacopoeial monographs): A ZERO BECAUSE OF THE SET, in which the domain in question is absent altogether.

Method principle

Balance calibration consists of comparing the balance indications with the conventional values of reference standard masses under specified environmental conditions. The indication error E = I − m_ref (where I — balance indication, m_ref — conventional mass of the standard) is determined at at least 5 points of the weighing range. Repeatability is assessed as the standard deviation of a series of at least 10 weighings of the same standard. Eccentricity is tested by placing the standard at different positions on the pan. Minimum sample weight is determined based on repeatability and required uncertainty (usually U ≤ 1% of the weight).

Applications

• Calibration of analytical balances (d = 0.01–0.1 mg) in chemical laboratories
• Calibration of precision balances (d = 1–10 mg) in pharmaceutical production
• Legalization of commercial balances according to directive MID 2014/31/EU
• Determination of minimum sample weight for pharmacy preparations
• Confirmation of measurement traceability according to ISO/IEC 17025
• Control of balances in GLP/GMP laboratories

Key parameters

Standard

Standard number

PN-EN 45501:2015-03 / OIML R 76-1:2006

Title (PL)

Zagadnienia metrologiczne wag nieautomatycznych / Wagi nieautomatyczne

Title (EN)

Metrological aspects of non-automatic weighing instruments / Non-automatic weighing instruments

Step-by-step procedure

1. Acclimatization

   Acclimatize mass standards and balance in the calibration room for min. 12 h. Record environmental conditions (T, RH, pressure).

   ⏱ Time: ≥ 12 h • 🌡 Temperature: 18–25°C

2. Balance inspection

   Check pan cleanliness, leveling (spirit level), absence of mechanical damage. Turn on the balance min. 30 min before measurements.

   ⏱ Time: 30 min

3. Internal adjustment

   Perform internal adjustment (calibration) of the balance according to manufacturer's instructions. For balances without internal adjustment — external adjustment with standard.

4. Repeatability test

   Perform min. 10 consecutive weighings of the same standard (~50% Max). Calculate standard deviation. Repeat at ~100% Max.

   ⏱ Time: 15–20 min

5. Eccentricity test

   Place the standard (~1/3 Max) successively in the center and 4 corners of the pan. Record indications for each position.

   ⏱ Time: 10 min

6. Determination of indication errors

   Load the balance with standards at min. 5 points of the range (e.g. 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% Max). For each point record the indication and calculate error E.

   ⏱ Time: 20–30 min

7. Measurement in near-zero range

   Examine indication stability at small loads — determine minimum sample weight based on repeatability and required uncertainty.

8. Uncertainty calculation

   Determine uncertainty budget considering: repeatability, resolution, mass standard error, environmental conditions (buoyancy correction), eccentricity.

9. Conformity assessment

   Compare results with user requirements (MPE, minimum sample weight). Apply decision rule according to ILAC-G8:09/2019.

10. Documentation

    Prepare calibration certificate containing: results, uncertainties, environmental conditions, standard identification, next calibration date.

Required equipment and apparatus

Reagents, media and consumables

Health and safety (OHS)

• Handle mass standards only with tweezers or gloves — sweat from hands changes the mass
• Anti-vibration table — do not lean on it, do not cause vibrations during measurements
• Avoid drafts and temperature changes in the room (closed windows and doors)

Frequently asked questions