🔩 Surface and near-surface discontinuities of forgings made of ferromagnetic materials — magnetic particle inspection, techniques and acceptance criteria, PN-EN 10228-1

Materials and NDT PN-EN 10228-1

Overview

WHAT THE STANDARD COVERS. The scope from the PKN catalogue card, quoted in full: "This European Standard describes the techniques and acceptance criteria to be used for the magnetic particle inspection of forgings made of ferromagnetic materials. The method described is used for detecting surface discontinuities. It also allows discontinuities lying just below the surface to be detected, but the sensitivity for detecting such discontinuities decreases strongly with depth. NOTE A steel forging is regarded as ferromagnetic if the magnetic flux density is greater than 1 T at a tangential magnetic field strength of 2.4 kA/m" (our translation of the Polish card). The card gives neither the magnetization techniques, nor the types of detection media, nor the quality classes and acceptance criteria.

STATUS (state of the card on 29 September 2026). The card of PN-EN 10228-1:2016-07 (Polish version) has no withdrawal note — the standard is CURRENT. Polish version published 19-09-2018, 18 pages, PKN technical committee KT 123 (Testing of Properties of Metals), ICS 77.140.85 and 77.040.20; "Introduces: EN 10228-1:2016 [IDT]"; "Supersedes: PN-EN 10228-1:2002 - Polish version". The PKN search for "PN-EN 10228-1" (29 September 2026) shows the Polish and English versions of the 2016-07 edition and the 2002 edition labelled "Wycofana" (withdrawn).

HOW MANY LABORATORIES AND IN WHAT FORM (copy of the accreditation scope database, data up to 17 September 2026, read on 28 September 2026). All records of number 10228-1: 19 entries at 14 laboratories (AB 001 — five entries, AB 1827 — two). Forms: "PN-EN 10228-1:2016-07" — 11 laboratories, "PN-EN 10228-1" without the year — AB 369, AB 608 and AB 904. The "Laboratories" tab searches for records BEGINNING with "PN-EN 10228-1" and will show 13 laboratories — checked with the tab query on the labcoda.pl production server on 29 September 2026: 13; AB 1141 remains outside it (it records "PN-EN ISO 9934-1:2017-02 PN-EN 10228-1:2016-07" in one string). Current scopes on the PCA website (read on 29 September 2026, issues from 21 December 2023 to 2 September 2026): all entries stand in the valid issues and none is suspended (AB 197 has a footnote in its scope on the suspension of other entries); the full records of the reference documents agree with the copy. The entries have no numerical ranges.

OBJECT AND DETERMINATION. "Steel forgings" or "forgings made of ferromagnetic materials" — 13 laboratories; AB 369 — metallic construction products and materials (together with standards for welds and castings). Determination: surface and near-surface discontinuities (at AB 313 — "lying at a depth of no more than 2 mm"), at AB 369 and AB 904 — surface only; AB 1827 has a separate entry "service cracks through a paint coating up to 170 μm thick" with procedure PB-36:2022. Technique: magnetic particle method (at AB 1505 "MT").

ALONGSIDE THIS STANDARD. PN-EN ISO 9934-1 (general principles of magnetic particle testing; usually the 2017-02 edition, at AB 369 and AB 904 without the year) stands in the same entry at 8 laboratories (AB 001, AB 197, AB 369, AB 904, AB 1141, AB 1827, AB 1888, AB 1978); at AB 369 also PN-EN ISO 17638 (welds) and PN-EN 1369 (castings), at AB 904 — PN-EN ISO 3059 (viewing conditions). Magnetic particle testing of ferromagnetic products, including forgings, without this standard — only with PN-EN ISO 9934-1 — is recorded by AB 771 (also with the withdrawn 2015-11 edition) and AB 1348.

WHAT WE DO NOT GIVE. We did not have the text of the standard — PKN sells it (18 pages). We do not give the magnetization techniques and directions, the field strength, the types of detection media, the quality classes, the acceptance criteria for indications or the requirements for the test report.

Method principle

According to the card, the standard describes techniques and acceptance criteria for magnetic particle inspection of forgings made of ferromagnetic materials: the method detects surface discontinuities, and also those lying just below the surface, with a sensitivity decreasing strongly with depth; a forging is regarded as ferromagnetic when the flux density exceeds 1 T at a tangential field strength of 2.4 kA/m. We DO NOT GIVE the magnetization techniques and acceptance criteria — we did not have the text of the standard.

Applications

• Inspection of steel forgings for surface and near-surface discontinuities — in the scopes of 14 laboratories
• Acceptance of forgings according to the quality classes and acceptance criteria of the standard (card)

Key parameters

Standard

Standard number

PN-EN 10228-1:2016-07 (wersja polska; wprowadza EN 10228-1:2016 [IDT])

Title (PL)

Badania nieniszczące odkuwek stalowych — Część 1: Badanie magnetyczno-proszkowe

Title (EN)

Non-destructive testing of steel forgings — Part 1: Magnetic particle inspection

Step-by-step procedure

1. Status of the document

   PKN card: PN-EN 10228-1:2016-07 is current and superseded the 2002 edition (state of the card on 29 September 2026).

2. Qualification of the forging

   A forging is regarded as ferromagnetic when the flux density exceeds 1 T at a tangential field strength of 2.4 kA/m (note of the card).

3. Inspection

   Magnetic particle inspection according to the techniques of the standard, in the scopes usually together with PN-EN ISO 9934-1; details NOT GIVEN.

4. Assessment

   Assessment of indications according to the acceptance criteria of the standard; criteria NOT GIVEN.

Required equipment and apparatus

Health and safety (OHS)

• Strong magnetic fields and high magnetizing currents — health and safety rules of the station; with UV lamps for fluorescent media — eye protection
• NOTE ON SUBSTANCE: the sensitivity of the method to near-surface discontinuities decreases strongly with depth (card) — internal defects require another method

Frequently asked questions