Heavy-duty vehicles: from 1 July 2028 OBFCM real-world fuel and energy consumption data are read out at roadworthiness tests of new vehicles registered from 1 July 2027
By Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/1787 of 23 July 2026, published on 24 July, the Commission set the procedure for collecting real-world fuel and energy consumption data of heavy-duty vehicles. Data from on-board fuel and energy consumption monitoring devices (OBFCM) will be read out at periodic roadworthiness tests and passed to the European Environment Agency.
- From 1 July 2028 Member States and testing centres collect, at the roadworthiness test of new heavy-duty vehicles registered from 1 July 2027 and fitted with OBFCM: lifetime values and cumulative static data under point 3.3 of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2025/2161, the VIN, the odometer reading and the test date. The data are read out with the equipment referred to in point 14 of section I of Annex III to Directive 2014/45/EU, which must be able to read OBFCM data.
- From 2029 Member States report the collected data by 30 November each year electronically to the European Environment Agency (EEA); from 1 January 2028 they may collect them voluntarily and report data from the first half of 2028 by 30 November 2028. The VIN is treated as personal data: testing centres and authorities keep the data for six months after transfer and the EEA for 20 years, to follow vehicle performance over the whole lifetime.
- Requirements for OBFCM devices are laid down in Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2161: the device records fuel and energy consumption and distance and, in certain configurations, also gross vehicle mass (OBMM system). Data access must be standardised and unrestricted (compliant among others with UN Regulation No 49 or SAE J1979), and lifetime counters cannot be erased by a scan-tool command or by disconnecting the power supply.
- Device accuracy is monitored during existing regulatory tests — engine tests (WHTC, WHSC, FCMC), portable emission measurement system (PEMS) tests and the verification test procedure (VTP). The permitted fuel consumption accuracy is −0.10 to +0.05 in engine tests and −0.15 to +0.10 in PEMS (distance ±0.05); if a result falls outside the limits, the type-approval authority carries out a statistical verification test under conditions close to the VTP, so that manufacturers and independent accredited laboratories can use existing routes and infrastructure; gross mass is verified by weighing the vehicle on a weighbridge.
Source: Rozporządzenie wykonawcze Komisji (UE) 2026/1787 z 23 lipca 2026 r. (Dz.U. L 2026/1787 z 24.7.2026)